Check out this hilarious little video, and maybe the mod as well, on
moddb:
Deus Ex Unreal Revolution
is a mod for the original Deus Ex that acts as a parody of Deus Ex: Human Revolution while providing commentary on the video game industry and modern gameplay mechanics.
Assume the role of a wrist blade equipped JC Denton and perform cinematic takedowns on your mission to rescue Tracer Tong.
Code:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoFe8hRy42o
As to the philosophical/cultural references in Deus Ex, I don't know about any specific book. A good place to start is a Google search of Wikipedia.
Here's an interesting article about the influences on Bioshock.
P.S. Probably
this? The Humanity+ magazine, Roots of Deus Ex: Human Revolution (a PDF is part of the Collector's Edition)