I just stumbled across
this fun little game yesterday. Available in both PC and Mac versions.
The description is pretty well complete, so I'll just summarise by saying that you have to travel around and investigate star systems in search of goodies to bring back to your home planet. Along the way you may find aliens to trade with, ally with, or do combat with.
The unique selling point of this game is that each full game takes no more than 30 minutes to play, and usually less. And the setup is generated randomly every time.
The demo version can be downloaded
here. The demo is cut-down and doesn't randomise much, but it's still loads of fun and very replayable in its own right. I played it several times last night and enjoyed it immensely.